What is Trigger Finger?
Trigger finger (or trigger thumb) is a condition where a finger or thumb becomes stuck in a bent position and may click or snap when straightened. It is caused by thickening or inflammation of the tendon sheath, which prevents smooth movement of the tendon.
It can affect any finger but is most common in the thumb, middle, or ring finger.
Symptoms
- Clicking or popping sensation when moving the finger or thumb
- Finger or thumb catching or locking in a bent position
- Pain or tenderness at the base of the affected digit
- Stiffness, especially in the morning
- In severe cases, the finger may become stuck and require assistance to straighten
Causes and risk factors
- Repetitive gripping or hand use
- Conditions such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis
- More common in women and people aged 40 to 60 years old
- May occur in one or more fingers, and in both hands
Diagnosis
Trigger finger is usually diagnosed by:
- Clinical examination: your clinician will assess movement, pain, and any clicking or locking
- Imaging is rarely needed to diagnose trigger finger
Self-care and management
1. Rest and activity modification
- Avoid repetitive gripping or forceful hand use
- Take breaks during tasks that strain the hand
2. Massage
- Gently massage the base of the affected finger or thumb, you may find a spot that is quite tender
3. Pain relief
- Use paracetamol or ibuprofen as needed – please consult your pharmacist
- Anti-inflammatory gels may also help
4. Splinting
- A night splint may be provided to keep the finger straight and reduce locking
- Wear as advised by your hand therapist
5. Exercises
It is important to maintain the flexibility of the hand, so movements to keep the hand, wrist and thumb flexible should be done regularly through the day.
When to seek medical advice
- Symptoms persist or worsen after 6 to 8 weeks. Consider seeing your GP or referring yourself to the MSK service.
- The finger becomes permanently locked. Consider seeing your GP so a referral can be made to specialists as a priority.
Further treatment options
If symptoms do not improve with conservative care:
- Steroid injections may reduce inflammation and improve movement, and are typically a successful procedure, with few side-effects or risks.
- Surgery may be considered to release the tendon sheath in severe or persistent cases.
Outlook
- Many people improve with rest, splinting, and exercises
- Full recovery may take several weeks to months
- Early treatment helps prevent long-term stiffness or loss of function
Useful links
Exercises for the fingers, hands and wrists | Versus Arthritis