A gastroscopy is a procedure that allows a specialist to examine the oesophagus, stomach and upper part of the small bowel using a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light passed gently through the mouth.
It is used to investigate symptoms such as indigestion, reflux, swallowing difficulties and upper abdominal pain, and to help diagnose conditions such as inflammation, ulcers, or cancer.
During the procedure, small tissue samples (biopsies) may be taken if needed.
Preparing for a gastroscopy
You must not eat or drink for at least six hours before your gastroscopy. You may take small sips of water up to two hours before your appointment. This ensures the consultant has a clear view during the procedure.
Please inform your consultant of any medications you are currently taking. You may be advised to stop certain medications prior to the procedure, and this will be discussed with you during your initial consultation.
What happens during a gastroscopy
A gastroscopy usually takes approximately 15 minutes, although this may vary depending on individual circumstances.
At the start of the procedure, you will be asked to lie on your side. A local anaesthetic spray will be applied to your throat to numb the area. You will also be offered intravenous sedation to help you relax. A small plastic mouth guard will be placed to protect your teeth.
Your doctor will then gently pass a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope through your mouth and down into your oesophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine (duodenum). The endoscope has a light and camera attached, which transmits images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to examine the lining of your upper digestive tract. You may be asked to swallow to help the endoscope pass smoothly into your oesophagus.
During the procedure, a small amount of air will be introduced into your stomach to improve visibility. This may cause temporary bloating or a sensation of fullness, and you may burp. This feeling usually settles quickly after the procedure.
Biopsy or removal of tissue
If any abnormal areas or small growths are identified, the doctor may take small tissue samples (biopsies) or remove minor growths using specialised instruments passed through the endoscope. You will be informed if this is required.
Gastroscopy to treat a condition
In some cases, a gastroscopy is performed to treat certain conditions, such as bleeding varices (enlarged veins), bleeding ulcers, or a narrowed oesophagus.
- Treatment of enlarged veins (varices): The doctor may stop bleeding by applying small rubber bands to the veins or injecting medication to seal the bleeding vessel.
- Treatment of bleeding ulcers: Bleeding ulcers can be treated using heat therapy, clips, or injections to promote clotting and stop the bleeding.
- Treatment of a narrowed oesophagus: If the oesophagus is narrowed, instruments can be passed through the endoscope to gently widen it. A balloon or stent (a small hollow tube made of plastic or metal) may be inserted to keep the oesophagus open.
Recovery after a gastroscopy
A gastroscopy is usually carried out as a day-case procedure, meaning you can go home the same day. Following the examination, you will remain in a recovery area until the effects of the sedation have worn off. As sedation can make you drowsy, you must arrange for a responsible adult to accompany you home. If required, we can assist in arranging a taxi.
For 24 hours after the procedure, you should not drive, consume alcohol, operate machinery, or sign important documents due to the lingering effects of sedation.
It is common to experience mild throat discomfort afterwards, which may last for a day or two. This can usually be relieved with simple over-the-counter pain medication. You are advised to rest and maintain adequate fluid intake the following day.
If tissue samples (biopsies) were taken or any treatment was performed during the procedure, you may be given specific dietary or aftercare advice. Your consultant will provide clear guidance before you leave.
Most individuals recover quickly and are able to resume normal daily activities within one to two days.