What is Fibromyalgia?
Fibromyalgia is a long-term condition that causes widespread pain, fatigue, and sensitivity to touch. It is not caused by inflammation or joint damage, but by a problem in the way the brain and nervous system process pain signals.
Symptoms are not outwardly visible, but the pain and fatigue are very real.
Symptoms
- Widespread pain (on both sides of the body, above and below the waist)
- Extreme tiredness (fatigue)
- Non-refreshing sleep or insomnia
- “Fibro fog” – difficulty concentrating or remembering things
- Headaches or migraines
- Irritable bowel symptoms
- Sensitivity to temperature, light, or noise
- Anxiety or low mood
Diagnosis
Fibromyalgia can be difficult to diagnose because symptoms overlap with other conditions. Diagnosis is usually based on:
- A history of widespread pain lasting more than 3 months
- Symptoms such as fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive issues
- Exclusion of other conditions (e.g. through blood tests)
There is no single test for fibromyalgia, but your GP may run tests or refer you to a specialist service.
Causes and triggers
The exact cause is unknown, but it may be triggered by:
- Physical trauma (e.g. injury, surgery)
- Emotional stress or trauma
- Infections
- Genetic predisposition
It is believed to involve abnormal pain processing in the brain and spinal cord, possibly linked to chemical imbalances and nervous system sensitivity.
Management and treatment
1. Education and self-management
- Understanding the condition helps reduce fear and improve coping
- Pacing activities and avoiding overexertion is key
2. Exercise
- Gentle, regular exercise is one of the most effective treatments
- Start slowly and build up gradually (e.g. walking, stretching, tai chi)
3. Medications
- Some medications may be helpful and may be considered in a specialist setting
- Opioids are not recommended for fibromyalgia, and are likely to be unhelpful in the long term
4. Psychological support
- Talking therapies can support people to manage the impact of their symptoms
- Mindfulness and relaxation techniques may reduce stress
5. Other therapies
- Pain management programmes
- MSK Rehabilitation
Living with Fibromyalgia
- It is a chronic condition, but many people find ways to manage it well
- Support from family, friends, and healthcare professionals is important
- Joining a support group can help reduce isolation
Helpful links
Fibromyalgia | Causes, symptoms, treatment | Versus Arthritis