What is cervical radiculopathy?
Cervical radiculopathy is a condition where a nerve in the neck becomes irritated or compressed, often referred to as a “trapped nerve.” This can cause pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness that radiates from the neck into the shoulder, arm, or hand.
It usually affects one side of the body and is often caused by age-related changes in the spine or an injury.
Common causes
- Disc changes (bulges or age-related change)
- Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal)
- Injury or trauma (e.g. whiplash)
Symptoms
- Neck pain, often radiating to the shoulder, arm, or hand
- Tingling or “pins and needles” in the arm or fingers
- Numbness or weakness in the arm or hand
- Pain that worsens with neck movement or certain positions
Diagnosis
Cervical radiculopathy is usually diagnosed based on:
- Your symptoms (e.g. pain pattern, numbness, weakness)
- Physical examination, including:
- Neck movement tests
- Reflex and strength testing
- Sensory checks in the arms and hands
In most cases, imaging is not required. However, your clinician may request:
- MRI scan: if symptoms are severe, persistent, or worsening
- X-ray: only if there’s been trauma or to rule out other conditions
Self-care and management
1. Stay active
- Avoid prolonged rest—gentle movement helps recovery
- Try to maintain normal activities as much as possible
- Avoid positions that worsen symptoms
2. Pain relief
- Use paracetamol or ibuprofen as needed
- Your GP may prescribe medication if required
- Apply heat to the neck if you find this helpful, ensuring that you do not scald your skin.
3. Exercises
Gentle exercises can help relieve pressure on the nerve, try to keep your neck, shoulders and arms moving as much as you are comfortable to do.
When to seek medical advice
- Difficulty walking or with balance. Consider attending your local Emergency Department (A&E) if you notice a change in your walking/co-ordination, especially if this is new and/or worsening.
- Numbness, tingling, or weakness in your arms or hands – please consult your doctor or self-refer to the local MSK service.
- Severe pain that doesn’t improve – please consult your doctor or self-refer to the local MSK service.
- Changes in vision – please consider seeing your GP.
- Recent trauma (e.g. car accident) – please consider seeing your GP.
Outlook
- Most people recover within 6 to 12 weeks with self-care and physiotherapy.
- Persistent symptoms may require further investigation (e.g. MRI).
- Surgery is rarely needed and only considered if symptoms are severe or long-lasting.